<p>Hattertown is a village in the town of Newtown, Connecticut, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Hattertown Historic District and includes a smaller local historic district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hattertown takes its name from the hat-manufacturing trade around which the village grew in the early 19th century. "Hatting" was a major economic activity in western Connecticut in the 19th century, having started in Danbury in about 1780. Hats were made from felt formed from animal fur. As hat production increased, the manufacturing activity spread from Danbury to surrounding areas where the supply of fur-bearing animals such as muskrat, fox, and beaver had not yet been depleted.</p><br>
<p>A small village existed at the site of Hattertown before 1821, when the Taylor and Benedict families arrived there and began hat production. Hattertown was later to become one of the few places in the region where an entire village was directly involved in the hat trade. Hatting in the village was a cottage industry in which hat producers made rough-formed hats for sale to wholesalers in Danbury or "front shops" in New York City where they would be finished.</p><br>
<p>Hatting continued in Hattertown until at least 1856, but it was in decline by the 1840s as fur processing and hat forming were becoming increasingly mechanized and the local supply of fur-bearing animals was largely depleted.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>The Hattertown Historic District is centered on the Hattertown Green, which dates from the late 19th century and is bound by Hattertown Road, Hi Barlow Road, Gregory Lane, and the intersections of Castle Meadow Road and Aunt Park Lane.</p><br>
<p>The Horatio P. Van Cleve House is a house in the Marcy-Holmes neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The house contains elements of the Greek Revival and Italianate styles. It was originally built for William Kimball, a furniture manufacturer; the Van Cleves were the second owners. Horatio P. Van Cleve served as colonel of the 2nd Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment and later a general during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>His wife, Charlotte Ouisconsin Clark Van Cleve, was the mother of 12 children, a women&#39;s suffrage advocate, and the first woman elected to the Minneapolis School Board. She was also a social reformer who founded an organization to help "erring women" in 1875. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Swinford Townhouses and Apartments are a development of townhouses and apartments in the Loring Park neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Both buildings are located in an area that surrounded the once-elegant Hawthorne Park. The townhomes were built first, in 1886 by Hodgson & Sons in the Second Empire style, using red brick, stone, and terra cotta. The apartments were designed in 1897 by locally prominent architect Harry Wild Jones, who preferred an eclectic style. The building is four stories tall, built of red brick and stone, and features a corner bay. They were built by Anthony Kelly, a nineteenth-century businessman who pioneered the wholesale grocery business in Minneapolis. Both the townhouses and the apartments were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The apartments are now incorporated in the Laurel Village development.</p><br>
<p>The Rhode Island Red Monument in the hamlet of Adamsville of Little Compton, Rhode Island, at the intersection of Main Street, Adamsville Road, and Old Harbor Road, commemorates the Rhode Island Red breed of chicken, Rhode Island&#39;s state bird. The sculpture was completed in 1925 by Henry L. Norton from Winthrop, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The text of the monument reads: To commemorate the birthplace of the / Rhode Island Red breed of fowl which / originated near this location / --red fowls bred extensively by / the farmers of this district and later / named "Rhode Island Reds" and brought into / national prominence by the poultry fanciers -- this tablet placed by the / Rhode Island Red Club of America / with contributions of Rhode Island Red / breeders throughout the world / on land donated by / Deborah Manchester / 1925</p><br>
<p>The monument was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>stack</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>By 1925, the Rhode Island Red was no longer a practical hen for farmers. New, better breeds, were established, and they were just called "Reds". Rhode Islanders, Little Compton boosters, and the many poultry fanciers who still raised them, wanted to call attention to the breed. They were inspired, in part, by the new memorial in Winterset Iowa for the delicious apple &ndash; if an apple could have a memorial, why not a hen?. The Rhode Island Red Club of America, a chicken-breeder organization founded in 1898, raised the funds for the monument.</p><br>
<p>There was significant debate about the proper location for the monument. While there was agreement that Little Compton was the right place for a monument as the Rhode Island Red had originated as a breed there in the 1850s, and became a key part of the local economy from about 1870 to 1910, there was disagreement about just where in town it should be built. Two sites were initially considered. The Rhode Island Red Club of America, which represented poultry fanciers wanted it in Adamsville, a more prominent spot for tourists. Some locals wanted it nearer to the Tripp farm, where the breed was created. The debate continued up to the unveiling of the memorial, and beyond: The Providence Journal devoted a page to the story with the headline "Adamsville give hen place in the sun." But many prominent Rhode Island Red enthusiasts were not there. Another headline: "Monument to Hen divides breeders."</p><br>
<p>The debate continued even after the unveiling of the monument. The following year, the town council gave approval for a second memorial, at the intersection on West Main Road and the road to the Commons. This was to be a hen, not a rooster. The Providence Journal covered the story with glee, writing "The Little Compton hen will go far toward assuaging the grievances which have divided the two villages into hostile camps, for Adamsville will have its rooster and Little Compton will have its hen, and peace will reign forever. Hallelujah!"</p><br>
<h3>Centennial monument</h3><br>
<p>Though the second monument was never built, another memorial was. In 1954, the 100th anniversary of the Rhode Island Red, the same year that the Rhode Island legislature voted the Rhode Island Red the state bird, the Rhode Island Red Club and local residents installed a plaque at the location where William Tripp raised his famous chickens, at the intersection of William Sisson Road and Long Highway.</p><br>
<p>The text of the plaque on the centennial monument reads: On this farm / was originated / the / Rhode Island Red / breed of poultry / 1854 - 1954</p><br>
<p>The 76 House, also known as the Old 76 House, is a Colonial-era structure built as a home and tavern in Tappan, New York, in 1754 by Casparus Mabie, a merchant and tavern-keeper.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Origin</h3><br>
<p>In spite of local claims of much earlier construction (dating to founding of Tappan in 1686), the 76 House appears only to predate the American Revolution by several decades. The earliest confirmed dates concerning any structure on or near the site involve one Antie Myers, a widow, who was licensed in 1705 to sell drink, "as per her recognizance," in her house in the immediate neighborhood of todays 76 House. After her death around 1721 her home was purchased by Yoast Mabie, a brother of Casparus. The house was demolished in 1835. In 1753, Casparus Mabie bought a piece of land from Cornelis Myers, Anties son.</p><br>
<p>The following year he built a house on this lot on what was to become Main Street in Tappan. He included space for a tavern, probably no more than a few tables and benches in a corner of the front room. Two years later, in 1756, court records indicate that the "Supervisors for the County of Orange at the House of Casparus Maybe, in Orange Town October the 5th Anno Domine 1756." These documents describe meetings of the Board of Supervisors over the years and provide details of the food and ale they consumed and the business they conducted.</p><br>
<p>An old hearsay that the 76 House was known as "Mabies Inn", home to Yoast Mabie, and the site of the signing of the Orangetown Resolutions in 1774, has been disproved by historians. Mabie&#39;s actual house, around the corner, was demolished.</p><br>
<h3>Revolutionary headquarters</h3><br>
<p>The 76 House was often used during the American Revolutionary War as a meeting place for local Patriots. For a few days in 1780, it served as the prison of the Revolutions most notorious spy, Major John André. When the Continental Army encamped in Tappan, the house was the headquarters for General Nathanael Greene. By this time, owner Casparus Mabie had built another house for his family on "very good upland" behind the 76 House on what is today called André Hill, where the spy was hanged after his trial in the Tappan Reformed Church. General George Washington did not attend the trial, nor did he "question" André, as some sources claim. In fact, Washington did not respond to the spys request that he be shot as befitted a gentleman and an officer rather than hanged like a common criminal.</p><br>
<p>As the war continued, Fort Lee in New Jersey and New York City were British strongholds, West Point was a Revolutionary stronghold, and Tappan became a front line in the conflict. George Washington made the nearby De Wint House his headquarters. Once again, despite local claims, there is no documentary evidence that he ever drank or ate at the 76 House. He brought his own chef to Tappan with him, Samuel Fraunces of Fraunces Tavern. Nor is there evidence that he met the British Commander Carleton at the 76 House at the end of the war. The dinner they had together in Tappan was at the De Wint House, prepared by Fraunces, and another aboard the H.M.S. Perseverance.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>In 1987, Rob Norden purchased the restaurant, which is now owned and operated by his son, also Rob. The Nordens undertook a significant research and restoration project to restore the older appearance and deal with structural problems. The foundation was strengthened with concrete. The floor and ceiling joists, weakened by sagging of the foundation, were replaced by others from a barn in Ontario as old as the tavern, and the floorboards were replaced with similar boards from a schoolhouse in Pennsylvania. The &#39;76 House is a contributing property to the Tappan Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Several scenes from "College", the fifth episode of The Sopranos first season, were shot at the Old 76 House, as were several scenes from the movie Stepmom starring Susan Sarandon and Julia Roberts.</p><br>
<p>The Headquarters Building at Lassen Volcanic National Park was built in 1928 in an adapted National Park Service Rustic style.</p><br>
<p>The building served not only as the administration building but as a visitor center, and it quickly became too small for the developing parks needs. It was remodeled three times during its first eleven years. In 1932, the west wing was expanded with an addition that included mens and womens bathrooms and an enlargement to the superintendents office. A back porch was added in 1935 to protect the doorways and windows from snow and to provide storage space for furnace wood.</p><br>
<p>The parks Developmental Outline for 1938 states that due to development in the park, the building was not large enough, adding "oreover, the present building does not have sufficient storage space, is hard to keep warm in winter, and presents a bleak and unattractive aspect on the outside which gives all park visitors coming by the Headquarters Area a very bad first impression of the park." The park proposed moving the present building elsewhere on the site and converting it to housing, and building a new Administration and Visitor Center Building. Funding was not available for a new building so from 1939 through 1940 the building received a major renovation with the addition of an east wing, which also included an addition to the basement. This work was done according to drawings LV-NP 3004 C & D, designed by G. W. Norgard of the Branch of Plans and Designs, and was a Civilian Conservation Corps construction project. At that time, an engineers office was added to the second floor, the stairs were reconfigured, a clerks office was added to the first floor and the Assistant Superintendents office was expanded. The new east wing had a wood shingled dormer on the south side, and a similar dormer was added to the west wing and the eave extended. The front entrance porch in the north wing was enclosed to expand the lobby and a new stone porch was added to its east side. Stone veneer was applied below the windows on the front and on the exposed concrete foundations. A wood flagpole in a stone base and a stone water fountain were installed on the front lawn.</p><br>
<p>The Nicholas Gotten House is located on 2969 Court Street in Bartlett, Tennessee, United States. It houses the Bartlett Museum, a local history museum operated by the Bartlett Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The white frame structure was built by Nicholas Gotten in 1871. It has a saltbox-style side profile, with an asymmetrical roof which slopes lower on the back.</p><br>
<p>__TOC__</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Nicholas Gotten immigrated from Germany at the age of 22 in 1854. He was a blacksmith and served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War under Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest. In the years following the war, Gotton made a living as a miller and ginner. He and his wife Julia Coleman raised three children in the house.</p><br>
<p>Until the late 1970s, the Gotten House was owned by the City of Bartlett and used as the Bartlett Police Station. In the early 1980s, the house was leased by the City of Bartlett to the Bartlett Historic Society in a 50-year contract for $1 per year, to save the house from planned demolition and to refurbish the property. The structure became the seat of the Bartlett Historic Society, and since 1990 it has housed the Bartlett Museum. Exhibits on display at the museum are of relevance to local history: the collection includes photographs, written documents on the history of Bartlett, artifacts, and period furniture. The museum is open to the public every first and third Sunday of the month from 2-4 pm. Admission to the museum is free.</p><br>
<p>On March 20, 2002, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. After a $100,000 renovation in 2007, which included authentic new windows, doors and fixtures, the Gotten house was declared a Bartlett Historic Landmark by the Bartlett Historic Preservation Commission in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Tubbs Cordage Company Office Building is a small frame structure located in San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park, in the Fisherman&#39;s Wharf district of San Francisco, California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 1890 structure was originally located at the Tubbs Cordage factory, at 611-613 Front Street, San Francisco. It was moved to Hyde Street Pier for display and preservation in 1963, and moved again in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Tubbs Cordage Company Office is of local historical significance in the category of industry due to its association with the Tubbs Cordage Company and its rope factory founded in San Francisco by Alfred L. Tubbs and his brother Hiram where the first commercial manufacture of rope on the Pacific Coast was accomplished.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The office is a small, single-story, single-room office building (with the addition, after the historic period, of a small closet, with a sink and toilet, as well as an office cubicle). The exterior is painted a dark brownish-red, common on industrial buildings in the last century, and sometimes referred to as "mineral" red or "iron" red, with white trim. This was the color scheme of the office at the time of its move to Hyde Street Pier. The structure stands by itself at the pier, just as it did on the original site.</p><br>
<p>Rectangular in shape, the building dimensions are 21 by 26 feet. There is no basement, and the structure rests upon redwood sills. One story high, the building is framed with redwood siding.</p><br>
<p>The Commonwealth Club, is a private gentlemens club in Richmond, Virginia, USA. Its present clubhouse was completed in 1891. The defining structure of the Commonwealth Club Historic District, it is located at 401 West Franklin Street. The Commonwealth Club is considered to be one of the finest pieces of architecture in Richmond and was a physical symbol of Richmonds New South movement. The club hosts the annual Richmond German Christmas Dance, the oldest debutante ball in Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>After an unsuccessful attempt to acquire plans from local firms, the Board of the Commonwealth Club looked outside of Richmond to develop a style that reflected the momentum of a more national architectural movement. The site proposed for the building, formerly the Palmer House, was located high above the street level. While the board desired a style broadly fashionable, they also desired the building to reflect Richmond as a southern city. The New York City based firm of Carrère and Hastings was chosen from a group of four firms.</p><br>
<p>The Commonwealth Club is a unique structure among Richmond buildings. Characterized by its deep red brick, brownstone trim and terra cotta cartouches, the building is a combination of Colonial revival and Richardsonian Romanesque styles. The Colonial revival tradition is reflected to promote a heritage for the future and the Richardsonian style reflected the ability of Richmonders to afford an architectural style fashionable on a national level. It is classified by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources as Italian Renaissance Revival.</p><br>
<p>The Desert Queen Mine in the Colorado Desert was one of the more long-lived gold mines of Southern California&#39;s high desert region. The abandoned mine is located in Riverside County, California within the boundaries of the Joshua Tree National Park and is included on the National Register of Historic Places. A hiking trail leads to the mine.</p><br>
<p>The mine is associated with Jim McHaney, a local cattle rustler, and Bill Keys, a noted rancher. The mine facilities are largely ruinous. The mine was not spectacularly successful but was sufficiently productive to remain in operation for nearly seventy-five years.</p><br>
<p>The mine itself consisted of several vertical and horizontal shafts, of which four vertical shafts, five inclined shafts, and ten horizontal adits remain. Tailings piles appear in several places, with quantities of machinery scattered about the site.</p><br>
<p>The mine was established by a man named Frank L. James in the early 1890s. The rich ore initially found prompted local outlaw gang leader and cattle rustler Jim McHaney to take over the mine. McHaney sent two of his men, Charley Martin and a man named Myers, to demand the mine from James. James refused, and Martin shot and killed him with a gun borrowed from Myers, after forcing James to sign over the property. Martin was acquitted of murder charges on grounds of self-defense. When the mine was first claimed by Jim McHaney, it was reported to be the Lost "Peg-Leg" mine of prospector Thomas Long "Pegleg" Smith.</p><br>
<p>McHaney initially prospered but borrowed heavily to expand and fell behind on payments to the bank, ultimately losing the mine. The mine passed into the hands of William F. Keys around 1917, who operated the mine until 1961.</p><br>
<p>The Hoards Dairyman Farm, just north of Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, was purchased in 1899 by W. D. Hoard, a former governor of Wisconsin. Hoard used the farm as a laboratory for testing ideas for his magazine Hoards Dairyman, like the use of alfalfa for feeding dairy cattle.</p><br>
<p>This farm was begun in the mid-1800s by Asa Snell. Much has changed since Snells era, but a few of his buildings survive: the 1845 farmhouse, a machine shed/garage, a horse-barn/heifer shed, and the core of the main dairy barn. Snells farmhouse is a two-story Italianate-styled building, with walls of brick made nearby at a brickyard owned by Snell himself and Milo Jones. A kitchen wing extends to the east leading to a summer kitchen, and other wings extend to the north and south. The house&#39;s roof was originally flat. Hoard replaced the flat roofs with hip roofs soon after he bought the farm.</p><br>
<p>Hoard bought the farm in 1899. Before then he had served in the Civil War, edited the Jefferson County Union newspaper, started the Wisconsin Dairymans Association, founded the important agricultural journal Hoards Dairyman in 1885, and served one term as governor of Wisconsin from 1889 to 1891. Despite his venture into politics, Hoard remained very interested in agriculture and the scientific improvement of dairy practices. He bought the farm to use as a lab for testing the effectiveness and practicality of the ideas that he promoted in his magazine.</p><br>
<p>These are some of the important innovations tested at the farm:</p><br>
<p>Alfalfa: Hoard showed that this perennial legume could be grown in northern climates. He demonstrated practical methods of growing, harvesting, and preserving the crop. He further showed that it could be used as a high-quality feed for dairy cattle. Today, alfalfa is a staple in dairy cattle rations nationwide.</p><br>
<p>Record keeping on farms: The Hoard farm started keeping a herd book in 1905 and milk records back to 1920. These records support informed decisions about animals and practices.</p><br>
<p>Silos and silage: The farm tried this economical method for fermenting cattle feed, rather than drying it.</p><br>
<p>Eradication of bovine tuberculosis: Hoard had begun promoting a campaign against TB in 1895, and continued it at the farm.</p><br>
<p>Loose pen housing: In 1912 Hoard began advocating raising cattle in pens rather than individual stalls, aiming to save construction costs and ongoing labor. This is now common practice.</p><br>
<p>Herd test: Starting in 1917 Hoard&#39;s farm "was the dominating influence in the founding of the herd test, proved sire, brood cow research program conducted by the USA Department of Agriculture."</p><br>
<p>Single-purpose dairy cow: The farm maintains the oldest continuously registered herd of Guernsey cattle in the country. For over a century, the herd was housed in the same barn that was purchased by Hoard in 1899. It was enlarged several times to a final capacity of eighty cows. In the summer of 2007, the herd was moved to a new, state of the art free-stall facility and expanded to 270 milking cows.</p><br>
<p>The Ryan House and Lost Horse Well are historic ruins in Joshua Tree National Park, California, United States. It was established by the family of J.D. Ryan, the later developers of the Lost Horse Mine, which became the most profitable mine in the area. The Lost Horse Well at the Ryan Ranch supplied water to the Lost Horse Mine, 3 mi south and 750 ft, by pipeline. The popular park destination Ryan Mountain is named after him.</p><br>
<p>The six-room house was built as an adobe residence in 1896 with later wood frame additions. It was destroyed by fire August 12, 1978. Originally roughly 30 by, the ruin has three rooms, each measuring 12 ft wide and 16 ft long. Adobe walls sit on stone masonry foundation, and there are concrete stoops on the north and south sides. There is a small stone fireplace located on the east side of the house.</p><br>
<p>A small cemetery is near the ranch with about 10 graves.</p><br>
<p>Ryan was a wealthy rancher who in 1895, bought out one of the main mining interests in the area from Johnny Lang. He located a steam-powered mill, large at the time, near the Colorado River, then had it disassembled to move it to the Lang mine site. In this desert area, he was able to provide the steam for the mill by building a 3.5 mile long, 2" pipeline from wells at his local ranch, now a historic site known as Ryan House and Lost Horse Well, to a reservoir near the mill. Fuel to run the pumps piping the water up the needed 750 feet (230 m) elevation gain was provided from burning trees from nearby desert mountains. The deforestation that resulted is still visible in 2014, in the denuded hills.</p><br>
<p>Cow Camp, located in Joshua Tree National Park, was associated with cattle rustling in the 1880s and 1890s. It was then later used as a line camp for cattle ranching. A stone chimney, two small dams, watering troughs and a well remain. One dam was built by local rancher and character William F. Keys.</p><br>
<p>The camp was first established by the "McHaney Gang" in the late 1880s. Cattle rustlers used the camp into the 1890s. Jim McHaney reputedly murdered the discoverer of the Desert Queen Mine before losing it to a bank, then sold Cow Camp in 1894 to George Myers. McHaney eventually was convicted of counterfeiting $20 gold pieces in gold-plated lead and was sentenced to seventeen years in jail. In the 1920s Bill Keys, who had inherited McHaney&#39;s holdings, took over Cow Camp as part of his ranching operation.</p><br>
<p>The Keys Ranch is the prime example of early settlement in the Joshua Tree National Park area. Bill Keys was the areas leading character, and his ranch is a symbol of the resourcefulness of early settlers. The ranch is an extensive complex of small frame buildings built between 1910 and Keys death in 1964. Keys pursued both ranching and mining to make a living in the desert.</p><br>
<p>William F. Keys was born at Palisade, Nebraska, in 1879. After working as a ranch hand and smelter worker, he was a deputy sheriff in Mohave County, Arizona. During a time in Death Valley, he befriended Death Valley Scotty, becoming involved in a swindle that resulted in the so-called "Battle of Wingate Pass". He arrived in the Twentynine Palms, California area in 1910. In the area that became Joshua Tree National Park, he became acquainted with local outlaw and cattle rustler Jim McHaney, taking care of him in declining health. Keys eventually took over McHaneys properties after McHaneys death, gradually expanding what became the Desert Queen, its name borrowed from the nearby Desert Queen Mine.</p><br>
<p>Keys married Francis M. Lawton in 1918, and they had seven children together, three of whom died and were buried at the ranch. During a dispute over the Wall Street Mill, Keys shot and killed Worth Bagley. Keys was convicted of murder and went to San Quentin Prison, where Keys educated himself in the library. Keys was paroled in 1950 and was pardoned in 1956 through the efforts of Erle Stanley Gardner, author of the Perry Mason novels.</p><br>
<p>Mining equipment at the ranch includes an arrastra and a stamp mill for ore processing. Other buildings include an adobe barn, a schoolhouse, a tack shed, machine shed, cemetery and a variety of houses and cabins.</p><br>
<p>Park rangers provide guided walking tours of the ranch from October through May. Tours are limited in size and should be booked in advance.</p><br>
<p>The Wall Street Mill in Joshua Tree National Park was a complete and operable gold ore crushing mill featuring late-19th century two-stamp mill machinery. Consequently, the significance encompasses the mill machinery, the building which houses it, the well which supplied water for the mill&#39;s operation, and the well pump. It is the only gold ore crushing mill in the region that retains integrity.</p><br>
<p>The stamp mill building is framed with heavy timber and built on a downward sloping hillside to take advantage of gravity in the milling process. The roof and some of the exterior walls are covered with corrugated sheet metal, while some of the exterior walls have either vertical or horizontal wooden siding. At the top of the building a long wooden ramp supports the track of an ore tramway which carried ore from where it was unloaded from trucks to the top of the mill above the two-stamp Baker Iron Works crusher. A gasoline engine powered the mill; it was built by the Western Gas Engine Company of Los Angeles. A Myer concentrating table was used in separating the gold from the ore.</p><br>
<p>The complex included the mill, a well, a bunkhouse and an outhouse. The supporting buildings are largely ruinous.</p><br>
<p>The mill was built by Bill Keys, a local rancher, miner and character, using equipment moved from Pinon Wells. In the 1940s, Keys was involved in a dispute with Worth Bagley over access to the Wall Street Mill. Keys shot and killed Bagley in 1943. Keys then turned himself and was convicted of manslaughter. He was sent to San Quentin State Penitentiary for 10 years. Bills wife Frances wrote to lawyer Earle Stanley Gardner for help and with the lawyers aide, had Bills case reopened. They found many facts that were not brought out during the trial leading to Bill&#39;s release. He served 5 years of a 10 year sentence and ultimately received a full pardon. Upon arriving back home from prison, the very first thing Bill did, was placing a stone commemorating the event with the inscription: "Here is where Worth Bagley bit the dust at the hand of W. F. Keys, May 11, 1943." The marker is not a part of the Wall Street Mill historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Kelso Depot, Restaurant and Employees Hotel or Kelso Depot, now also the Mojave National Preserve Visitors Center, is located in the Mojave Desert within the National Park Service Mojave National Preserve, on Kelso Cima Road at the junction of Kelbaker Road in Kelso, California, between Baker and Interstate 15 to the north and Interstate 40 to the south. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, and along with the adjacent ghost town of Kelso, was declared a United States Historic District in 2000. The district was increased by a boundary increase approved by the National Park Service in 2019, with reference number 100003401.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early years</h3><br>
<p>The first depot, by the Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad, opened in 1905. In early 1923 the railroad began construction of the new "Kelso Clubhouse & Restaurant" which opened the next year. The Kelso Depot was built to provide services to passengers and railroad employees, and a water stop for the steam locomotives. It is an example of a surviving mid-1920s era Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival architecture Styled railroad depot with a hotel, restaurant, and gardens in Southern California. It was designed by the firm of John and Donald Parkinson. The facility served interstate passenger and shipping traffic and the transport of ore from local mines, especially the Vulcan Mine. It was an essential element of the 1920s modernization of the Union Pacific Railroad stations to compete with the Santa Fe Railway and its Harvey Houses such as "Casa del Desierto".</p><br>
<p>The oasis-like landscape design and overall style and character of this remote station made it a popular gathering place for Union Pacific employees, passengers and local residents. The original gardens with shade from Fremont cottonwoods (Populus fremontii), Chinese elms (Ulmus parvifolia), and manicured geometric lawns lingered, but did not survive the desert conditions between depot closure and the park&#39;s Visitor Center restoration. Only date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) survived.</p><br>
<h3>Mid-20th century</h3><br>
<p>The Kelso Depot served as a significant element in the Union Pacifics contributions to the American war effort during World War II. The end of World War II marked the beginning of a long decline in the depots utility. The sharp decline in the volume of freight traffic and diesel engines replacing steam caused a reduction in services and the need for fewer employees. The Vulcan Mine closed early in 1947, further reducing freight and passenger traffic. A surge of activity occurred with the outbreak of the Korean War in the early 1950s, resulting in a renewal of high traffic levels on the Union Pacific line for several years.</p><br>
<p>In 1953 and 1957, attempts were made to market the low-grade iron ore stockpiled at the Vulcan Mine. However, higher horse power, second generation diesel-electric locomotives of the 1960s resulted in the further decline in Union Pacific personnel needed at Kelso. This technological change eliminated the need for helper locomotives entirely in 1959. Coupled with the closing of the station agency and cessation of passenger train service to Kelso on August 14, 1964, this development spelled the end of the depot&#39;s principal function with the exception of the Lunch Room which remained serving until 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration and Visitor Center</h2><br>
<p>The Union Pacific proposed the demolition of the then unused depot in 1985. Efforts to preserve the building culminated in its 1992 transfer to the Bureau of Land Management and its East Mojave National Scenic Area.</p><br>
<p>In 1994 the Mojave National Preserve was established, and the depot was transferred to the National Park Service. A historical restoration and adaptive reuse project followed in 2002. The Kelso Depot now serves, since 2005, as the main Visitor Center of the Mojave National Preserve.</p><br>
<p>The Olema Lime Kilns at Point Reyes National Seashore in California were built in 1850 on land leased from Mexican grantee Rafael Garcia by James A. Shorb and William F. Mercer, two San Francisco entrepreneurs. The kilns were reportedly fired only a few times, and have lain abandoned for some 140 years. They were apparently abandoned no later than 1855 after only a few firings, probably due to the poor quality, small limestone deposits and the financial depression of that year. They represent a Gold Rush era effort to establish a lime-producing industry in Marin County, only two years after cession of Alta California to the United States by Mexico. They consist of three long-abandoned, barrel-shaped stone vaults lying in ruins against a hillside on the east side of Olema Creek about five miles south of Olema and about 100 yards west of California State Highway 1.</p><br>
<h2>Kiln No. 1</h2><br>
<p>The kiln on the south was built of gray limestone which on the interior of the barrel was cut and fitted to enable application of a smooth coating of fireclay and, running halfway around the back, firebrick. Use of firebrick as a lining at the back suggest treatment for higher temperature there. The outer casing, rectangular in shape, was also built of cut limestone. Between the inner and out casings is afilling composed of irregular chunks of limestone set in mud or clay mortar. When these kilns were abandoned, Kiln No. 1 was loaded with limestone but not fired, rendering measurement of its interior impossible.</p><br>
<h2>Kiln No. 2</h2><br>
<p>Kiln No. 2 was built adjacent to Kiln No. 1 and immediately to the north, similarly facing west towards the creek. It consisted of limestone laid in lime mortar probably produced by Kiln No. 1. It was larger, being oval in vertical section, nine feet in diameter side to side and nine feet ten inches in diameter front to rear. It was lined entirely with fireclay applied like plaster. This kiln sat farther forward than the other two, its front face extending seven feet beyond Kiln 1 and four feet beyond the front face of Kiln 3. A large Douglas fir, which according to tree ring dating sprouted after 1870, grew from the rubble between Kiln 1 and Kiln 2, severely damaging both kilns. Kiln No. 2 still has a well-preserved front arched entrance, measuring six feet from side to side at the base and two feet six inches wide at the entrance to the barrel, tapering inward.</p><br>
<h2>Kiln No. 3</h2><br>
<p>Kiln No. 3, to the north of Kiln No. 2, was about the same size, being an oval barrel nine feet six inches in diameter from side to side and nine feet nine inches in diameter front to rear. A large Douglas fir tree grew up from the pit of this kiln. At an undetermined date before 1940 the entire arched entrance to this kiln was removed and rebuilt in Bolinas as part of a barbecue pit. Some individual moss-covered stones were removed from that and perhaps the other kilns for such uses as rock gardens, fireplaces, walls, and the like. Such vandalism has contributed to the decay of the kilns, along with the growth of trees and bushes on them.</p><br>
<p>The Charles C. Trowbridge House is located at 1380 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It is the oldest documented building in the city of Detroit; it was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area where this house sits was originally the Mullett farm, part of a French land grant to Charles Chauvin.</p><br>
<p>Charles Christopher Trowbridge built this house in 1826 at a cost of $2500 on what was then farmland, far from the heart of Detroit. A stable, still extant, was constructed behind the house.</p><br>
<p>Trowbridge lived in the house for 56 years until his death in 1883. The house, originally built in a Greek Revival style, was updated with Victorian elements such as the bay window in the front. In 1889, the eastern two bays of the house were removed, leaving the current section. An apartment house was built on the site where the bays were removed.</p><br>
<p>By 1929 Detroit artist Roman Kryzanowski was renting and living in his studio located on this property. He died in his studio on July 31, 1929.</p><br>
<p>After Trowbridge&#39;s death, the house remained in the family, and was converted to a rooming house in 1936. In 1942, the Trowbridge family sold the house to Marie Cavanaugh and it was converted back to a single-family residence. Today, the house is privately owned and houses multiple businesses including Trowbridge Law Firm, Trowbridge Realty, Dickson & Associates and RBD Creative.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>When constructed, the house was a five-bay-wide Federal structure with a central entrance. It has since had two bays removed and has been updated with Victorian elements. The house as it stands exhibits a harmonious blend of Federal and Victorian pieces. The front and rear facades are similar, with an entrance in the same place and a connecting hall between. In the front, the entrance is at the left-hand side of the current three-bay-wide facade, and is flanked by sidelights with a rectangular transom above. An overhang shielding the entrance is supported by square Doric columns. Above the entrance is a projecting three-sided bay window, with a pediment decorated with fish-scale shingles.</p><br>
<p>Skumsrud Heritage Farm is a Norwegian immigrant homestead located 1.5 mi west of Coon Valley, in Vernon County, Wisconsin, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>A historic open-air museum and cultural center, the property sits on 43 acre of land situated in a valley with a creek running through it. It has 11 restored Norwegian pioneer log buildings, each of which represents a different architectural floor plan of the immigrant Norwegian pioneers.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Skumsrud Heritage Farm was built in 1853 by Nels Skumsrud. It was donated to Norskedalen in 1983 by his grandchildren, Lloyd and Ruth Thrune. The brother and sister wished to see the property preserved and also to see it serve as a means of educating people of the area&#39;s Norwegian heritage. The property is considered the oldest surviving house in the area, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Ash Mountain Entrance Sign at Sequoia National Park was constructed in 1935 by Civilian Conservation Corps craftsmen. Featuring a carved Native American face, the sign was made from blocks of sequoia wood and fastened with wrought iron brackets.</p><br>
<p>The design was first proposed by National Park Service architect Merel S. Sager in 1931, who designed a small log sign for the Ash Mountain entrance. In 1935 resident park landscape architect Harold G. Fowler created a much larger design. He recruited CCC worker George W. Muno, who had displayed a talent for woodworking, and they selected a piece of fallen sequoia wood from the Giant Forest. Fowler sketched the profile in blue chalk on the wood using an Indian Head nickel as a guide. Muno carved the wood over several months and the sign was assembled and erected over the winter of 1935–36. It was moved in 1964 to make room for a new park entrance station.</p><br>
<p>The sign is supported by a 4 ft sequoia log rising from a two-tiered masonry platform. The sign panel is 10 ft feet wide by 4 ft high and 1 ft thick, carved into a profile reputed to signify Sequoyah, whose Cherokee tribe never inhabited California. The sign was originally unpainted but assumed its present appearance in the 1950s. As originally built, a matching log pylon stood on the opposite side of the road. The pylon was removed when the sign was relocated.</p><br>
<p>The Kiel and Morgan Hotel in Lynd, Minnesota, United States, was the building first used on a regular basis as the Lyon County Courthouse. In 1869, the Minnesota Legislature passed an enabling act dividing Lyon County from Redwood County. Governor William R. Marshall appointed several officials authorized to form a county government. On August 12, 1870, the county commissioners held their first meeting in the home of Luman Ticknor in upper Lynd. The hotel was built in 1871 by Allen D. Morgan and Levi Kiel. Because of the small population in the area, the hotel served variously as the seat of county government, post office, store, and church.</p><br>
<p>The Kiel and Morgan Hotel is an important historical place because it is one of the few remaining examples of the type of buildings that were used for both private and government meeting places during the early settlement of the western Minnesota counties.</p><br>
<p>After the county government moved to Marshall, where it remains today, the hotel was used as a farm house. In 1990, the owner Eva Schrunk donated the property to the city of Lynd.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Rose, A.P. History of Lyon County, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The Croul–Palms House is a private residence located at 1394 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. The house is named after its first two owners, Jerome Croul and Francis Palms. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1881, Jerome Croul commissioned William Scott to build this house at a cost of $25,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1887, Croul sold the house to Celimene Palms, the wife of Francis. Francis Palms was a major Detroit landowner, inheriting a substantial fortune from his father. Francis died in 1905, but his wife continued to live in the house until her death in 1914.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Croul–Palms house boasts irregular massing, contrasting materials, and a picturesque roofline, all details characteristic of Queen Anne style architecture. The house has bay windows stretching the full three stories, and the multi-level roof boasts projecting gables and decorative chimney caps. The exterior of the house is original but for the demolition of front and side porches and a small third-floor balconet, and the replacement of the slate roof.</p><br>
<p>There was originally a two-story brick barn behind the house, built a year after the house itself; the barn was demolished in 1954.</p><br>
<p>In 1906 the barn behind the house was leased to Father Weinman who started a settlement house for young immigrant women from Ireland, Italy and Syria. A few years later, the settlement house had grown in size and the location was moved. The organization became the League of Catholic women and kept that name until the early 2000s. The organization founded by Father Weinman is now known as Matrix Human Services, one of the largest and most impactful non-profits serving the City of Detroit. Matrixs current headquarters is on Woodbridge, coincidently in a building right behind its founding location in the Francis Palms barn. http://www.matrixhumanservices.org</p><br>
<p>The Manchester Apartments is an apartment building located at 2016 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Manchester Apartments is a four-story apartment building constructed from brick. The front entrance is flanked by pilasters, and surmounted by a stone panel with the name "Manchester." The details of the exterior, including corner blocks around window groupings, brick quoins, and patterns above the cornice, demonstrate the rise of modernism.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Manchester Apartments was constructed in 1915. The building is typical of medium-scale middle-class apartment buildings built in Detroit in general and along East Jefferson in particular in the first decade of the 20th century. The building continues to house apartments into 2020.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The Manchester Apartments were featured in the season one episode of The Sopranos, The Legend of Tennessee Moltisanti, where it serves as the apartment building of Christopher Moltisanti and Adriana La Cerva.</p><br>
<p>The Buckner Homestead Historic District, near Stehekin, Washington in Lake Chelan National Recreation Area incorporates a group of structures relating to the theme of early settlement in the Lake Chelan area. Representing a time period of over six decades, from 1889 to the 1950s, the district comprises 15 buildings, landscape structures and ruins, and over 50 acre of land planted in orchard and criss-crossed by hand-dug irrigation ditches. The oldest building on the farm is a cabin built in 1889. The Buckner family bought the farm in 1910 and remained there until 1970, when the property was sold to the National Park Service. The Buckner Cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The rest of the Buckner farm became a historic district in 1989. Today, the National Park Service maintains the Buckner homestead and farm as an interpretive center to give visitors a glimpse at pioneer farm life in the Stehekin Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Bill Buzzard</h2><br>
<p>The property that became the Buckner farm was originally settled by William (Bill) Buzzard. It is located several miles north of Lake Chelan along the Stehekin River. When Buzzard arrived in 1889, his 160 acre parcel was the farthest homestead from the Stehekin settlement at the head of the lake. Buzzard built a one-story log cabin on the site, and cleared some land for pasture and cultivation. In 1892, Buzzard shipped 1,000 pounds of potatoes 50 mi down Lake Chelan to the town of Chelan, Washington and sold the rest of his crop to local miners. By 1895, Buzzard had planted a small apple orchard and was growing cabbages as well as potatoes. Buzzard also cut cordwood on his property and sold it to the steamboat company that operated on Lake Chelan. According to a 1902 United States Forest Service report on "agricultural settlement" in the Stehekin area, William Buzzard had a three-room house, log barn, and 25 acre of cultivated land. On 9 November 1903, Buzzard officially purchased his homestead from the United States Government. He later sold 11 acre to a neighbor.</p><br>
<h2>Buckner family</h2><br>
<p>In 1910, Buzzard sold his remaining property to a Californian named William Buckner for $5,000. Instead of a lump-sum payment, Buzzard wanted $50 per month until the total amount was paid. After selling the property, Buzzard moved to Chelan where he lived until his death in 1919. When Buzzard died, Buckner was only one payment short of completing the agreement so he used the final $50 payment to purchase a headstone for Buzzard, who was buried in the Old Fraternal Cemetery in Chelan.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, Buckner brought his wife and three sons to the farm (also call the "Buckner ranch"). Upon arrival, the family found most of the land covered with stumps because the timber had been cut and sold by the previous owner. Over the next several years, the family cleared enough stumps to plant a 50 acre apple orchard. The Buckners also designed an irrigation system that diverted water from Rainbow Creek to their orchard. The main irrigation canal and watering ditches, totaling over four miles (6 km), were all dug by hand during the summer of 1911.</p><br>
<p>Initially, the Buckner family only lived on the ranch during the summer, moving back to California in the fall to avoid Stehekin&#39;s harsh winters. However the family returned each spring to work their farm. Over the next few years, they constructed a variety of buildings for protecting animals, sheltering farm equipment, and preserving food. Eventually, the Buckner ranch had more than a dozen structures including a barn, workshop, milk house, smokehouse, root cellar, chicken coop, outhouse, sleeping cabins for guests or hired hands, and several general-purpose sheds. They also built a mile of wooden fence to enclose their entire property.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, Harry Buckner, one of Williams sons, took up permanent residence at the ranch. In 1919, Harry married a young lady from Stehekin and she joined him at the ranch. Since William Buckner and his wife continued to live in Bill Buzzards log cabin during the summer months until 1924, Harry expanded one of sleeping cabins into a home for himself and his new wife, Olive. Harry and Olive worked hard to make the farm a comfortable place to live. They raised pigs, cows and chickens. The family grew vegetables in their garden, and planted large flower beds. When the family decided they wanted electric lights, Harry converted a smokehouse into a power generator house. Harry also built a play house for his three young daughters; and when the girls were older, he constructed a concrete swimming pool, fed by farm&#39;s irrigation system.</p><br>
<p>In 1922, the Buckners built a large packing shed to protect their apple harvest. In the 1930s and 1940s, the farm produced between 4,000 and 5,000 crates of apple each season. That was enough fruit to fill their 40 ft by 100 ft packing shed. This was the peak of the farm&#39;s production.</p><br>
<p>Olive Buckner died in 1948. Harry continued to live on the ranch and eventually remarried. In 1953, the packing shed roof collapsed under a heavy winter snow load. In 1956, Buckner retired from farming and became Stehekin&#39;s postmaster. In 1970, Buckner sold the homestead and most of his property to the National Park Service, retaining a parcel of land for his retirement home. He lived there until his death in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>National Park Service</h2><br>
<p>After purchasing the Buckner property, the National Park Service incorporated it into the Lake Chelan National Recreation Area. The Buckner homestead and farm has been preserved, and is used by the National Park Service as an interpretive center to show visitors what pioneer life was like in the Stehekin Valley. Although it is no longer a commercial farm, horses still graze in the Buckner&#39;s pasture, water still flows through the irrigation ditches, and apples are still harvested from the orchard in the fall. While some changes have been made to the building in order to preserve them, many of the structures are still in use for their intended purpose, including the main house which is now home for a National Park Service employee.</p><br>
<p>Because of its unique historic value as an original settler&#39;s homestead, the Buckner Cabin (originally built by William Buzzard) was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 (NRHP #74000912). In 1989, the remaining elements of the Buckner farm were joined with the cabin to create the Buckner Homestead Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Historic structures</h2><br>
<p>The Buckner Homestead Historic District comprises 15 buildings, various landscape features, some old structural ruins, and approximately 50 acre of apple orchard which is irrigated by hand-dug ditches.</p><br>
<p>The original William Buzzard Cabin was built in 1889. It was a one-story log cabin measuring 16 ft by 18 ft. In 1910, Buzzard added over 23 ft to the length of the cabin, making it 16 ft by 42 ft. After purchasing the homestead, Buckner added a massive river-stone fireplace and chimney in 1911. The cabin has a stone and concrete floor, log walls, and a wood shake roof. The Buckner&#39;s used the cabin as a primary residence until 1924, when it became a guest house. The National Park Service renovated the cabin in 1980, and stabilized the structure in 1999. The cabin is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Buckner Cabin.</p><br>
<p>The Buckner homestead&#39;s main residence was originally built in 1914 as a 12 ft by 18 ft summer sleeping cabin. The Buckner family added a 16 ft by 18 ft living room in 1915, and another bedroom and a large fireplace in 1921. A third bedroom and a kitchen were added in 1925. The National Park Service added a porch in 1983, and re-roofed the house 1975 and again in 1999. It is a wood-frame house on a stone and concrete foundation; the walls are weatherboard, and it has a metal roof.</p><br>
<p>The Buckner homestead hay barn and workshop was built in 1949. It is a two-story building with a large hay loft and gable roof. The building&#39;s footprint measures 21 ft by 24 ft. It is a wood-frame structure on a concrete foundation with weatherboard siding and a metal roof. The main entrance is a large wood-panel sliding door on the north side of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Buckner&#39;s Milk House was built in 1916. It is a 6 ft by 8 ft one-story, wood-frame structure on a raised concrete foundation with an overhanging gable roof. The National Park Service rehabilitated the building in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The "Delco House" provided electricity for the farm. Originally, built as a smokehouse in 1915, it was converted to house the Delco power generator in 1925. It is a one-story, wood-frame structure on a 4 ft by 8 ft concrete foundation. The building has weatherboard siding and a wooden shake roof.</p><br>
<p>The farm&#39;s wood and harness shed was built in 1950. It is a one-story, log-frame structure on a concrete foundation with a wooden gabled roof. The building measure 12 ft by 20 ft. The National Park Service replaced the shed roof in 1980, and accomplished addition preservation work in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Other buildings on the Buckner farm include a sleeping house, tool and equipment sheds, root cellar, chicken coops, outhouse, and a childrens play house. The Buckners swimming pool is included on the National Park Services inventory of structures, however, it is kept empty for safety reasons. Old farm equipment, like the Buckners 1911 Hercules Stump Puller and several farm trucks, are also on display. The National Park Service maintains the Buckners orchard, harvesting its apples every fall.</p><br>
<p>The Buckner Cabin, also known as William Buzzard&#39;s Cabin, located about 2.6 mile northwest of Stehekin, Washington in Lake Chelan National Recreation Area of North Cascades National Park Complex, is one of a group of structures relating to the theme of early settlement in the Lake Chelan area. The original cabin, listed individually as the Buckner Cabin on the National Register of Historic Places, was built in 1889 by Willam Buzzard and altered in 1911 by William and Harry Buckner. The surrounding structures are included in the Buckner Homestead Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The cabin has been added to the National Register of Historic Placesin 1974 and has been included in the Buckner Homestead Historic District in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Golden West Lodge Historic District includes the Golden West Lodge  and six log cabins around it in Stehekin, Washington. Built in 1926, the lodge used salvaged portions of the Field Hotel, demolished the same year when the level of Lake Chelan was raised. Located in Lake Chelan National Recreation Area, the lodge was rehabilitated to function as the National Park Service Stehekin District Headquarters and Visitor Center in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The William J. Paugh House, also known as Rosewall, is a very pure example of a Carpenter Gothic - Gothic Revival house, one of a very few in Northern California. It is located in Jackson, California, in Amador County. It was built in the late 1850s by Charles L. Parish, artist, architect and builder.</p><br>
<p>According to Parish family lore, it was built to impress a school teacher that Charles was in love with, in order to persuade her to marry him. When his intended bride was tragically killed in a "runaway accident", he raffled the house off, charging one dollar a ticket. He called the raffle "The Charles L. Parish Gift and Musical Entertainment Raffle". He sold 8,650 tickets around the state in 1860 and 1861. Advertisements appeared in the Amador Ledger-Dispatch and the Sacramento Daily Union.</p><br>
<p>The house was won in 1861 by Amador County&#39;s second Sheriff, Dr. William J. Paugh, who lived there until 1870, when he moved to San Francisco to practice medicine as a physician/surgeon. It was sold at that time to George Snowden Andrews, Jackson Wells Fargo agent from 1857 until 1875.</p><br>
<p>In 1884 the owner of the house, Superior Court judge George Moore, was shot and killed in the sitting room. A reward was offered by the governor of the state in hopes of apprehending the assassin.</p><br>
<p>In 1918 Susan Hocking, who owned the house with her husband Tobias T. Hocking, died from the Spanish flu, the worst pandemic in human history. She is buried in the Jackson City cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In 1940 the house was purchased by Walter and Margaret Voss. Walter died in 1958. Margaret, an educated and strong willed woman, lived there until her death in 2001 at 102 years of age, having lived in three centuries.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased by Jerry and Jeanette Chaix in 2001 and completely restored during the years 2002–2006. It was placed on The National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The George Miller House is a rustic log cabin near Stehekin, Washington, United States, in Lake Chelan National Recreation Area. The cabin was built in 1938 and continues to function as a residence.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-and-a-half-story log house 22 x in plan with a shed-roofed addition for a kitchen on one side. It is built on a rock foundation and has a brick chimney in the addition.</p><br>
<p>It was built Jack Blankenship in c.1938-c.1942, and was lived in by Guy "Dad Imus" Imus, Sr., during 1945–46. It was purchased by George Miller in the late 1940s.</p><br>
<p>The Pasadena Apartments is an apartment building located at 2170 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Pasadena Apartment Building is an eleven-story building constructed of yellow brick with limestone facing on the two lower floors. A column of bay windows rises from the basement to the tenth floor; a classic style entrance is in the center of the front façade. The building originally had classical details on the upper floors, including a cornice and false balconies, that have been removed.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>The Pasadena Apartments was constructed in 1902 from a design by Mortimer L. Smith. The building is an early example of upper-class, multi-unit housing, and is one of the earliest of these structures to be built with reinforced concrete.</p><br>
<p>The building is still used as apartment space, and is operated by MFG Detroit.</p><br>
<p>Garden Court Condominiums  is a condominium building located at 2900 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Garden Court Apartments is an H-shaped building standing nine stories tall with a symmetrical façade facing Jefferson Avenue. The lowest two stories are faced with limestone, while the remainder of the building is made from red brick. Two rounded bay window units rise the full nine stories. The top story has limestone belt courses and window surrounds, and a balustrade runs along the edge of the flat roof.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Garden Court Apartments were constructed for J. Harrington Walker (of Hiram Walker & Sons) in 1915. Walker lived across the street from the Garden Court; when the building was completed, he moved into the top floor of the south tower (now units C8, D800, and D801).</p><br>
<p>The building originally housed 32 very large luxury apartments.</p><br>
<p>The building was featured in the television show Martin.</p><br>
<p>The Ossian H. Sweet House is a privately owned house located at 2905 Garland Street in Detroit, Michigan. The house was designed by Maurice Herman Finkel, and in 1925 it was bought by its second owner, physician Ossian Sweet, an African American. Soon after he moved in, the house was the site of a confrontation when a white mob of about 1,000 gathered in protest of the Sweet family moving into the formerly all-white neighborhood. Rocks thrown by the mob broke windows, and someone in the house fired out, wounding one man in the mob and killing a bystander. Sweet and ten other persons from the house were arrested for murder.</p><br>
<p>Contacted by the NAACP, nationally known attorney Clarence Darrow joined their defense team. After a mistrial, in the second trial the first defendant was acquitted. The prosecution dropped charges against the remaining defendants. The case was considered important as part of the civil rights movement and establishing freedom of residence. The house was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1975 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Ossian Sweet</h2><br>
<p>Ossian Sweet was born in Florida and earned a medical degree from Howard University. He practiced medicine briefly in Detroit, then continued his medical studies in Vienna and Paris before returning to Detroit in 1924 to accept a position at Dunbar Hospital. He began saving money for a home, and by the spring of the next year had saved $3500. Sweet used the $3500 as a down payment on a $18,500 house located on Garland Street in east Detroit.</p><br>
<h2>The Ossian Sweet House</h2><br>
<p>The house Sweet purchased is a 1½-story brick house, built in 1919, and is typical of many homes in working-class Detroit neighborhoods. It is a bungalow-style structure with a full basement, an open porch on the first floor, and an enclosed sun porch on the south side. The second story is covered with brown shingling, and atop the house is a simple gable roof with a central dormer. The house is enclosed by an unpainted silver aluminum fence.</p><br>
<p>The house is located on the corner of Garland and Charlevoix, in what was at the time an all-white neighborhood. Sweet chose a home in an all-white neighborhood because housing options in black neighborhoods were in general older and substandard, and he wanted better accommodations for his wife and daughter.</p><br>
<h2>Racial Tension in the 1920s and the events in September 1925</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s, white residents of Detroit tended to define themselves by the racial homogeneity of their neighborhoods. They also prided themselves in homeownership and interpreted the movement of blacks into their communities as a threat. Detroits African American migrants were usually forced to locate to the east side where landlords took advantage of overcrowding and charged high rents. Barriers to black homeownership usually took the form of real estate agents or homeowners refusal to sell homes to blacks, threats of violence to enforce segregated barriers in communities, and restrictive covenants that legally barred the movement of blacks into a neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The Sweets purchased their home in a mostly white immigrant area from an interracial couple. Since the couple was interracial, the Sweets had lessened fears about a violent retaliation from the white neighbors. However, the white neighbors believed that the previous couple had been white due to their lighter complexion. When the neighbors learned that the house was sold to an African American couple, they organized "The Waterworks Park Improvement Association" to oppose their presence in the neighborhood. Like other neighborhood groups, they banned together to preserve racial homogeneity and intended to maintain "the present high standards of the neighborhood."</p><br>
<p>Aware of tensions in the area, The Sweets delayed their move in until September and on September 8, 1925, Dr. Ossian Sweet and his wife Gladys moved into the area. The white neighborhood group that was aware of Sweets imminent arrival had vowed to keep blacks out of the neighborhood. Sweet knew of the neighbors animosity. Telling his brother that he was "prepared to die like a man", he arranged for some friends and relatives to stay with him for a few days. Along with his personal peers, he brought guns and ammunition to protect himself against the looming confrontation.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood was tense, and groups of people gathered outside Sweet&#39;s home. The Detroit Police, sensing a grave situation, posted officers at the scene day and night. The following day, September 9, Sweet and his friends went to work. When they returned, the crowd had grown into a mob, throwing rocks and bottles. A Detroit News reporter, Philip A. Adler, later testified that the mob consisted of "400 and 500" people, throwing stones that hit the house "like hail." This lasted until around 10pm, when shots rang out from the second-floor window, killing a man on a porch and wounding another in the crowd. The police arrested all the occupants of the house, charging each with murder.</p><br>
<h2>Aftermath</h2><br>
<p>The NAACP promised to help the defense, and brought in Clarence Darrow as chief counsel. He was assisted by Arthur Garfield Hays and Walter M. Nelson. Frank Murphy was the presiding judge. The jury consisted of twelve white men. Despite this, Darrow built an impressive case arguing self-defense, and the case ended in a hung jury. The prosecution decided to try the defendants individually the second time, and started with Ossian&#39;s brother Henry, but he was acquitted. Believing it could not gain convictions, the prosecution dropped charges against Ossian Sweet and remaining defendants.</p><br>
<p>After the trials, Ossian Sweet rented the home on Garland to a white couple until 1930, when he moved back into the house. However, both his wife and two-year-old daughter Iva had died of tuberculosis in 1926. Sweet remarried twice, and divorced each time. In 1946, he sold the house, moving into the flat above a pharmacy he owned. In 1960, in failing health, Sweet took his own life.</p><br>
<h2>Future for the Ossian Sweet House</h2><br>
<p>The trial of Ossian Sweet and ten family members and friends for murder after defending their Detroit home captured media attention in the 1920s. The Ossian Sweet case exposed racial tensions in Detroit following the Great Migration and marked a legacy in the history of challenging segregation in the court system.</p><br>
<p>On August 13, 2018, Detroit city officials announced that they would grant $500,000 to purchase and rehabilitate the Sweet home and the two houses across the street.</p><br>
<p>The Ossian Sweet Historic area is the site of deadly 1925 racial incident after the black family moved into the all-white neighborhood on Detroit&#39;s east side. The plan of action in transforming the space is in the preliminary stages. Currently, the Baxter family privately owns the home, but officials intend on making arrangements with the homeowner to preserve living quarters as well as place museum installments on the first floor for public visitations.</p><br>
<p>Right now, there is a historic post on the lawn of the house that tours and visitors tend to frequent, but with the installation many more can learn about the importance of the case through scheduled visits. Mayor Mike Duggan said in the announcement of the grant: "As Detroit continues to move forward, we cannot forget where we’ve been. Preserving the Dr. Sweet home and expanding the historic district will give us a chance to reflect on the struggles many African-American families have faced and celebrate champions like Dr. Sweet and others, who stood up for what is right.”</p><br>
<p>History of the African-Americans in Metro Detroit</p><br>
<p>The Princess Anne Historic District is located in Princess Anne the county seat of Somerset County, Maryland on Maryland&#39;s Eastern Shore. There has been little change due to industry or other development, and the town retains much of its historic character since its founding in the early 18th century. It has been the governmental center since the county was formed in 1742 and the present courthouse is one of the most architecturally distinguished in the state. Within the historic district are a few pre-Revolutionary structures, a high concentration of Federal and Victorian architecture, vernacular dwellings as well as 19th and early-20th century commercial and public buildings. The district contains approximately 270 structures of which nearly 90 percent are contributing to the character of the district.</p><br>
<p>Among the contributing structures are:</p><br>
<p>Beckford Avenue Tenant Houses (c.1870)</p><br>
<p>Boxwood Gardens (c.1850)</p><br>
<p>Charles Jones House (c.1780)</p><br>
<p>Colonel George Handy House (1805–06)</p><br>
<p>John W. Crisfield House ("Somerset House") (c.1852 and earlier)</p><br>
<p>Linden Hill (c.1750, c.1835)</p><br>
<p>Littleton Long House (c.1830) (See )</p><br>
<p>Nutter&#39;s Purchase (c.1800)</p><br>
<p>St. Andrews Episcopal Church (1767–73, 1859, 1896)</p><br>
<p>Teackle Gatehouse (c.1805)</p><br>
<p>Washington Hotel (c.1797, 1838)</p><br>
<p>William Geddes House () (c.1755)</p><br>
<p>William W. Johnston House (c.1834-35)</p><br>
<p>Woolford-Elzey House (c.1788, c.1840)</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Manokin Presbyterian Church is a historic church located in Princess Anne, Somerset County, Maryland. It is a -story brick structure with a three-story entrance tower on the east end. The walls of the main section were built in 1765, and the tower was added in 1888. It is one of the first organized Presbyterian Churches established in America. In 1672, a group of Scotch-Irish Presbyterians who had settled on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, petitioned the Grand Jury of Somerset County for a civil permit to hold services of worship and to have their own minister. The permission was granted, and Robert Maddox was called by the Grand Jury to preach on the third Sunday of each month, at the home of Christopher Nutter, at the head of the Manokin River, the present site. In 1680 a request was sent by Colonel Stevens of Rehobeth to the Presbytery at Laggan, Ireland, for an ordained minister, and three years later, in answer to that request, the Reverend Francis Makemie, a 25-year-old, recently ordained minister, arrived in Somerset County. Under his leadership, this church, and those at Rehobeth, Pitts Creek, Snow Hill, and Wicomico were organized.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Raymond Railroad Depot is a historic former Boston and Maine railroad station at 1 Depot Street in the center of Raymond, New Hampshire. Built in 1893, it is one of the state&#39;s finest and least-altered 19th-century stations. It is presently operated by the Raymond Historical Society as a museum, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Raymond Railroad Depot is located in the town&#39;s village center, on the east side of Main Street between Depot Street and the former right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad Portsmouth Branch, now the Rockingham Recreational Trail. It is an oblong basically rectangular single-story wood-frame structure, with a hip roof extending beyond the building dimensions to provide shelter on the adjacent platform areas. The roof is supported by chamfered square posts with sawn brackets, and also has exposed rafter ends as a decorative feature. The building is finished in a combination of wooden clapboards and scallop-cut shingles. There are several projecting sections, including the ticket booth on the track side of the building, where original semaphore signaling equipment is located. The interior of the building, adapted for use as a museum, retains significant features, including original benches in the waiting area, and gates separated the baggage area from the ticketing area.</p><br>
<p>Raymond was first served by a railroad in 1850, when the Portsmouth and Concord Railroad opened service. Its first station burned in 1878 and was soon rebuilt, but also burned in an 1892 fire that leveled much of the village center. The present building was built in 1893 by the Boston and Maine, which had acquired the Portsmouth and Concord. The Raymond Historical Society restored the depot building and keeps a locomotive, a boxcar, a caboose, and a work car on display nearby.</p><br>
<p>The Museum of Ceramics, housed in the former East Liverpool Post Office, is a ceramics museum that contains an extensive collection of ceramic wares produced in and around East Liverpool, Ohio, United States. The museum is operated by a Museum of Ceramics Foundation and by the Ohio Historical Society in a city long known as "America&#39;s Crockery City" and "The Pottery Capital of the Nation."</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Museum of Ceramics is dedicated to the preservation of the rich pottery history of the East Liverpool area. During the late 19th century and early 20th century, the East Liverpool area produced over 50% of the nations ceramic output. Over 200 pottery factories have operated in and around East Liverpool, starting in the 1840s, when the English potter James Bennett established the areas first commercial pottery. James Bennett was the elder brother of Edwin Bennett of Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>The museum contains the largest public display of Lotus Ware, an award-winning fine porcelain ware produced only for a short period in the 1890s by the Knowles, Taylor, Knowles pottery of East Liverpool. Also on display are collections of early Rockingham Pottery, ironstone, yellow ware, and Victorian majolica. Other highlights are Homer Laughlins Fiesta dinnerware, Hall Chinas Donut teapot, and William Bloors 1860s Parian Ware, along with Craven Art Pottery vases. Related displays on East Liverpools social, political and economic history show the impact of the industry on the community and the nation.</p><br>
<p>Susan Weaver is Director of the Museum of Ceramics.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The museum occupies the former United States post office, a Beaux-Arts structure designed by architect James Knox Taylor and built in 1909. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The main lobby features a post office mural by Ohio artist Roland Schweinsburg, titled Old Bennett Pottery Plant (1936). The large 15-foot lunette was commissioned by the Treasury Relief Art Project.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Campau House is a private residence located at 2910 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Joseph Campau House is a two-story house with a symmetrical three-bay façade; the exterior is faced with flush board siding on the front and clapboards on the other three sides. A porch, constructed in the 20th century, spans the front. The exterior is plain, with a pedimental window head center gabled second-story window and a plain entablature board under the eaves as the only decorations.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The house is one of the oldest residences in Detroit. Although he never lived in this house, it was built on land that was originally part of the Joseph Campau farm, a large tract of land awarded to Joseph Campaus grandfather in 1734. Joseph Campau was among Detroits leading citizens and wealthiest landowners at the dawn of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The John N. Bagley House, also known as Bagley Mansion, was built as a private residence in 1889. The mansion is located at 2921 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. As of 2022, the house is used as a commercial office building, maintaining its historic features and character.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Bagley House is a two-and-one-half-story French Renaissance Revival mansion built of red sandstone brick. Evidence has revealed that the house was designed in the French Renaissance Revival style by the Detroit firm Rogers and MacFarlane, while it was previously believed to have been designed by Shepley, Rutan, and Coolidge of the Richardson firm since the family had hired Richardson to design the Bagley Memorial Fountain. The French Renaissance Revival style house has some similar application of materials of H. H. Richardsonian Romanesque. It has a massive gable roof and a tower with conical roof. The entrance is set into a round arch and the roof dormer features a bay window. The façade contains multiple hand-carved fireplaces, original stained glass window treatments including sculptural elements by famous turn-of-the-century American sculptor Julius Melchers.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The house, built in 1889 for John N. Bagley, son of former Michigan governor John J. Bagley, is among the oldest surviving nineteenth-century French Renaissance Revival mansions in Detroit. This house is still one of the finest of Detroit&#39;s Richardsonian Romanesque houses.</p><br>
<h2>Owners</h2><br>
<p>The house became a commercial building when many other mansions on Detroit&#39;s main artery, E Jefferson Ave, began to convert away from private residences. The building has been home to the University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry Administrative Building and Real Estate One. The building became somewhat derelict for several decades and was purchased by Vallery Hyduk and Keasha Rigsby, owners of Beautiful Bridal, who opened a high-end bridal shop and ran an event venue in the location from 2016 - 2022. Post Covid, the owners closed the event venue and pivoted the building to the leasing of office space.</p><br>
<p>The William H. Wells House is a private residence located at 2931 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This house was designed by Cornell architect William Henry Miller and constructed in 1889 by the Vinton company. At the time, the property was owned by the heirs of William Croul. William H. Wells, a partner in the law firm a partner in the law firm of Wells, Angell, Boynton and McMillan, moved into the house soon after it was constructed, and purchased it in 1900. After Wells&#39; death, his widow sold the house to Ella Barbour, who owned the house until 1949. The University of Detroit Alumni Association purchased the house in 1966 and donated it to the University of Detroit. The house went through a succession of owners, and was refurbished in 2000. Banyan Investments LLC purchased the house in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The William H. Wells House is a two-and-one-half-story, 18,000 square feet The house is built on an irregular plan with an asymmetrical, picturesque composition. The entrance is within a projection, and a turret with a concave conical roof at one corner sits at one corner of the house. Other bays project randomly from the main structure. A 4500 square foot -story carriage house in red brick and clapboard was built at the rear of the house in 1891.</p><br>
<p>The house is significant as an outstanding example of Romanesque residential architecture in Detroit and for its association with architect William Henry Miller.</p><br>
<p>Hacienda Arms Apartments, also known as Coronet Apartments and Piazza del Sol, is a historic building located on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California, United States.</p><br>
<p>The four-story, 52,000 ft&sup2; Italian Renaissance Revival sourced Mediterranean Revival style structure was built in 1927 and operated initially as a luxury apartment building catering to the entertainment business. In the 1930s, it became the "most famous brothel in California." The building declined in prestige in the 1950s and 1960 and was acquired by rock star Rod Stewart in the 1970s. After Stewart&#39;s plans to redevelop the building as a luxury hotel ended in a legal dispute, the building was nearly destroyed in a 1983 fire that was found to be of suspicious origin. It was extensively renovated and, since 1986, has been known as the Piazza del Sol. It now houses the offices of several production companies, including Miramax Films. The restaurant Katana, co-owned by Ryan Seacrest and Tori Spelling and described by Newsweek as "so hip it hurts," also operates at the building.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation and architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed in an Italian Renaissance revival style, described by some as "reminiscent of a classic Italian villa." After the building was nearly destroyed by fire in 1983, the Los Angeles Conservancy led an effort to have the building designated as a historic site. The Conservancys executive director, Ruthann Lehrer, noted: "The building is a beauty... You find period revival buildings in a variety of places, but this one is really palatial. Its like a European palace." The application to have the building added to the National Register of Historic Places noted its ornamented cream-and-tan plaster facade, its "grand entrance stairway and fountain, elaborate cast-stone decorations and arched entryway." The building also retains original antique Italian marble and stonework, plaster edifices and wrought iron. The building was added to the National Register in December 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Hollywood apartment house</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1927 for $382,000, the building was originally known as Hacienda Arms Apartments and became the home of wealthy Hollywood families. The Hacienda Arms was the home to motion picture actors, including Marie Dressler, James Dunn, Grant Withers, Loretta Young, Jeanette MacDonald, US child star Leon Janney, and the film composers Josiah Zuro and Oscar Potoker.</p><br>
<h2>Classiest brothel on the Sunset Strip</h2><br>
<p>During the 1930s, the building gained notoriety as the site of the "House of Francis," described as the "most famous brothel in California," The "House of Francis" was featured in a 2005 book about Hollywoods "fixers," the men who worked to shield Hollywoods Golden Age stars from public scandal. The fixers reportedly had their "hands full" trying to cover for events at the high-class brothel. The establishment was run by famed madam Lee Francis, who wrote the book Ladies on Call. The brothel was staffed largely by young women who had come to Hollywood to become movie stars but ended up as highly paid prostitutes, making as much as $1,000 a week—a fortune in the Depression era.</p><br>
<p>In his 1981 book, Hidden Hollywood, Hollywood historian Richard Lamparski reported that Francis entertained "married men and movie stars world-famous for their sexual attractiveness." Regular customers at the "House of Francis" included Jean Harlow, who visited the house and paid Francis $500 to take customers home with her. Francis prostitutes and customers reportedly "complained about Harlows rough sexual appetite." Clark Gable, Errol Flynn, and Spencer Tracy were also regular customers, and the "fixers" often had to retrieve the ill-tempered Tracy from the establishment. The MGM studio was reported to have maintained a business charge account at the brothel under an assumed name.</p><br>
<p>Francis reportedly paid 40% of her profits to police and politicians, and occasional vice squad "raids" reportedly resulted in no arrests, as police were greeted with cash, Russian caviar and French champagne. However, in 1940, Francis was arrested in a police raid and convicted of operating a house of ill repute. Upon her arrest, Francis reportedly told the arresting officer, "You are a sly one you are. In 31 years in business, this is the first time anyone ever got me."</p><br>
<h2>Years of decline</h2><br>
<p>The famed Ciro&#39;s night club opened next door in 1940. At that time the building was known as Coronet Apartments.</p><br>
<p>From the 1940s through the 1970s, the building changed hands many times and fell into decline. The Los Angeles Times reported in 1983 that the decline of the building "roughly paralleled the decline of Hollywood," and the building had an "unremarkable history" in the 1950s and 1960s. The sales of the building during this period include the following:</p><br>
<p>In 1941, the Coronet was acquired by G. E. Kinsey.</p><br>
<p>In 1950, the building was sold by K.L.M., Inc., to Lee Herman and Victor S. Herman for a reported price of $275,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1952, the building was purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Isidor Tumarkin for $280,000.</p><br>
<p>Frank Sennes, who also owned Ciro&#39;s, bought the building in 1960.</p><br>
<p>Sennes noted that, for a time in the 1960s, there were "a lot of hippies" living there. Sennes emptied the building in the late 1970s with plans to renovate it.</p><br>
<h2>Rod Stewart years</h2><br>
<p>Rock star Rod Stewart purchased the building in the late 1970s along with partner Barry Monzio. Stewart invested or borrowed more than $1.6 million (equivalent to $ million in ) to convert the blighted and deserted building into a European-style luxury hotel. As the costs escalated, Stewart and Monzio became engaged in a bitter legal dispute, and the renovation work was halted. Monzio sued in 1980, accusing Stewart of trying to squeeze him out. Stewart counterclaimed for dissolution of the partnership, and Stewart became the sole owner of the building after settling the suit with Monzio.</p><br>
<p>In April 1982, Stewart was robbed at gunpoint upon leaving the building in broad daylight with his three-year-old daughter. The gunman stole Stewart&#39;s Porsche Carrera.</p><br>
<p>In July 1983, the Coronet, which was vacant at the time, was nearly destroyed in a fire. The interior of the building was completely gutted, and the exterior was charred. Investigators believed the fire was set intentionally, because it started in three places, and its rapid spread suggested it had been "boosted" with a flammable liquid. Some reports blamed the fire on "vagrants" living in the building.</p><br>
<h2>Piazza del Sol</h2><br>
<p>Before the 1983 fire, San Francisco-based Westcap Financial Group had agreed to purchase the building for $4.2 million, and Westcap went forward with the acquisition despite the fire. Westcap converted the space into 40,000 ft&sup2; of luxury office space, and changed the buildings name to the Piazza del Sol. In 1986, the West Hollywood Chamber of Commerce honored the remodeled building with an architectural award. The buildings leasing agent states that the Piazza del Sol is a "Class A Office Building" offering a full range of office spaces from 300 ft&sup2; to full floor, 10,000 ft&sup2; spaces. The Piazza del Sol houses the offices of several movie production companies, including Miramax Films, and The Film Department.</p><br>
<p>The celebrity-owned restaurant Katana Robata & Sushi Bar is also located within the building. Katana, partly owned by Ryan Seacrest and Tori Spelling, serves "rustic Japanese fare" and sushi in a "sci-fi-inspired decor." Katana was described by Newsweek in 2004 as "so hip it hurts." Newsweek suggested that the visitor to Katana "wear disaffected black and sit among the beautiful people outside on a veranda overlooking the bustle of Sunset Strip."</p><br>
<p>The Woodland Opera House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places and a California Historical Landmark, is one of four fully functioning 19th century opera houses in California. It is a contributing property to the Downtown Historic District of Woodland, California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Designed in 1885 by Thomas J. Welsh, a prominent San Francisco architect, for the amount of $28,000. It was the first opera house to serve the Sacramento Valley. The builder for the community theater was Woodland contractor William Henry Curson. Several years later in July 1892 a fire that started in Dead Cat Alley behind the Opera House destroyed much of what is now the Downtown Woodland Historic District, including the Opera House. There was uncertainty whether the House would be rebuilt when a locally renowned businessman, David N. Hershey, purchased the site. Other local businessmen supported the project in addition to Hershey. The Opera House was rebuilt between 1895 and 1896 by local contractor William H. Winne at the cost of $8,990. Many of the materials from the original building were used including some of the partially standing walls.</p><br>
<p>By 1913 over 300 touring companies had appeared on its stage, and the Woodland Opera House was becoming an entertainment center for the region. Nevertheless, the venue closed in that year, after ticket sales declined and the theater lost a lawsuit by an attendee who had mistaken a loading door for an exit and fell three feet, breaking an arm.</p><br>
<h3>A new beginning</h3><br>
<p>The Opera house remained closed and unused for almost sixty years until 1971 when it was purchased by the Yolo County Historical Society, for a sum of $12,000. After many local fund drives, donations, and monies from several different government agencies including the City of Woodland, restoration of the building began. Declared a state historic park in 1976, the building was later deeded to the State of California in 1980. Extensive work was still done over the next nine years. Gary Worth, an architect from Woodland, oversaw the work and Brocchini & Associates of Oakland provided most of the materials for the restoration of the theater including antique wallpaper, lighting, and paint colors.</p><br>
<p>In the restoration the building was made structurally safe and "earthquake proofed". Central heat and air-conditioning, a sprinkler and alarm system, and handicap access were added. An annex was constructed for storage of mechanical equipment, as well as for administrative office space, a gift counter, the Mid Level Lounge, and a rooftop exterior deck. The interior restoration effort received an Award of Merit from the California Preservation Foundation and a Citation Award from the League of Historic American Theaters.</p><br>
<p>In 1990 with the help of Woodland Rotary Club, the south side grassy "Rotary Court" was added to the existing outdoor plaza, named Intermission Garden. The Intermission Garden&#39;s brick marquee and entrance sign was designed by Brocchini & Associates and was added the same year.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural design</h2><br>
<p>The present Opera House is a simple, two-story, red brick structure. The structure is approximately 104 feet long by 60 feet wide; and its walls are 20 inches thick. A stage house on top of the north end of the Opera House (destroyed by fire in the 1930s) rose to a height of 60 feet above the street level. The building partially shares a common wall with the building on its western side</p><br>
<p>Its interior is an example of 19th-century American playhouses. The layout of the stage is a typical proscenium arch. It combines the horseshoe balcony with an uninterrupted semi-circular seating arrangement and large orchestra seating area like the common theme in Italian Renaissance-Revival theaters.</p><br>
<h2>Productions</h2><br>
<p>The Opera House holds mainstage subscriber productions from September to June. The theatre also has a summer youth theatre camp in August of each year and a Young People&#39;s Theatre Program that runs throughout the year. Along with many concerts throughout the year. Each production runs from 2 to 5 weekends. The theatre also works with the Yolo County Office of Education to provide very low ticket prices for students for school day performances of plays that are currently running.</p><br>
<p>Some notable performers on the WOH stage in the late 19th and early 20th century include Nance ONeil, James A. Herne, Harry Davenport, Madame Helena Modjeska, John Philip Sousa and his band, comics Weber and Fields, George M. Cohans troupe, "Gentleman Jim" Corbett, John L. Sullivan as well as rising motion picture stars Sydney Greenstreet, Walter Huston and Verna Felton.</p><br>
<p>In addition to play and drama productions, the Opera House is also used for a variety of music performances, comedians, and in rare cases even weddings.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander Chêne House was a private residence located at 2681 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Alexander Chêne House was a two-story, Federal-style house with additional Colonial Revival details on the facade, added after original construction. The house was constructed of red brick sitting on a raised basement. A one-story porch sat in the center of the front facade, and the side walls rose above the roof to form fractables. A small cornice ran the width of the front. The windows were topped with decorative iron lintels. A rear extension was added to the house in the 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Chêne House was one of the few examples of the Federal style in Detroit. It was built in 1850 by Alexander Chêne on land which had been granted to the Chêne family by Louis XIV of France in 1707. The house was later owned by Charles B. Warren, who constructed the rear wing some time between 1902 and 1914.</p><br>
<p>The house was later used as a fraternity house for the University of Detroit, and during Prohibition was a speakeasy. Starting in 1935, the house was used as a fine dining restaurant, known as Little Harry&#39;s. The restaurant went through a series of owners, and closed in 1990. It was sold to singer Anita Baker, and in 1991, the structure was demolished and replaced with a franchise International House of Pancakes (IHOP).</p><br>
<p>LittleHarrys 1930a.jpgLittle Harry&#39;s Restaurant,</p><br>
<p>Chene House Detroit MI DEMOLISHED.jpgSite where the house once stood (now IHOP parking lot)</p><br>
<p>The Franklin H. Walker House was a private residence located at 2730 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was also known as Doctor&#39;s Hospital. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, but subsequently demolished in 1998. It was at the time the largest remaining house along Jefferson Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Franklin H. Walker House was a two-and-one-half-story structure, constructed of brown brick and rock-faced limestone. The massive Neo-Jacobean house was irregular in both floorplan and in height. A medieval-influenced octagonal tower with a pointed roof projected from one corner of the house; at the other corner, a two-story, three-sided bay window unit projected from the main bulk of the house. The gable roof was covered with tiles; walls at the gable ends terminated in fractables.</p><br>
<h2>History and significance</h2><br>
<p>This home was built in 1896 for Franklin H. Walker, a son of Hiram Walker and president of the Hiram Walker Distillery. Walker hired George D. Mason to design the house. The house was notable for its immense size, diverse building materials, and medieval motif.</p><br>
<p>The house was eventually converted into a hospital, and extensively remodeled and added on to. It was demolished in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The historic River Place  is located in Detroit, Michigan, bounded by Joseph Campau Avenue, Wight Street, McDougall Street, and the Detroit International Riverfront. It was formerly the Parke-Davis and Company Pharmaceutical Plant. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History and significance</h2><br>
<p>In the 1870s, Parke-Davis moved to the riverfront property this complex now occupies. Between 1891 and 1955, the company expanded the complex to cover over 14 acre, building the 26 structures that still stand. These buildings were designed by some of the most prominent Detroit architects, including Donaldson and Meier, Albert Kahn, and Smith, Hinchman and Grylls. As a group, the buildings in the complex are significant as the represent a wide variety of industrial architecture from the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, Parke-Davis sold its property in Detroit, including the Research Laboratory, to the Stroh family (of Stroh Brewery Company). The complex, now known as River Place, has been converted into offices, retail space, residences, and a hotel.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>These buildings range from brick mill buildings built at the turn of the 20th century to reinforced concrete buildings constructed after 1920 The central and northern portions of the complex are tightly packed with interconnected buildings. There is more open space at the southern edge along the river.</p><br>
<p>The most notable single building in this group is the Riverwalk Hotel Detroit, the former Parke-Davis Research Laboratory, built in 1902 along the Detroit River. This building was the first industrial research laboratory in the USA established for the specific purpose of conducting pharmacological research, inaugurating the commercial pure science approach which has driven the rapid development of pharmaceutical technology. The research laboratory was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Salado College was a college in Salado, Texas, United States that operated from 1860 until 1885.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Salado College began on October 8, 1859 at a tent meeting at Salado Springs of prominent men from throughout Bell County with a desire to create a high class school in the county. They organized the Salado College Joint Stock Company and raised $5,000 for the college through sale of stock. The board of the company had seven trustees. Colonel Elijah Sterling Clack Robertson was elected President of the board.</p><br>
<p>Robertson donated 100 acre of land to the college on October 16, 1859. Ten acres of the land was for the college grounds and ninety acres was to subdivided and sold to families moving to the area. The proceeds of the land sale provided money for building the school. Salado College was the first college in the state to operate without church or state funds.</p><br>
<p>On February 8, 1860, Salado College was incorporated by the Texas Legislature for twenty years to grant diplomas, confer degrees and perform other corporate functions. Unlike most colleges of the era in the United States, Salado College was to be coeducational. The college erected a temporary wooden building, and the first classes began on February 20, 1860. Seventy-five students were enrolled the first term. Students that did not live in the area boarded with local families as the college had no dormitory. Teachers temporarily lived in tents.</p><br>
<p>On July 4, 1860, area Masons laid the cornerstone for the college&#39;s permanent two-story limestone building. The ceremony attracted visitors from as far away as Austin and Waco. The college sold many more lots as families moved to Salado to get their children a good education. Attendance increased to 124 students the next year. Attendance at the school peaked at 307 students in 1865 with an average of 250 from 1866 to 1872.</p><br>
<p>In 1871, the college added a two-story annex. However, enrollment dropped sharply because of the Panic of 1873. The number of students also decreased as more state-funded colleges were established. Finally, Colonel Robertson had to step in and buy the college in 1877 to keep it from being closed due to foreclosure on the property. Colonel Robertson died in 1879.</p><br>
<p>The state charter expired on February 8, 1880. A new corporation formed in 1882 and purchased the land on which the college building stood from Robertson&#39;s heirs. The school operated as Salado College until 1885. However, the college was not rechartered with the state, so it granted no degrees between 1880 and 1884. In 1885, Salado College ceased operating as a college. The college had operated for its entire existence without endowments, sustained solely by tuition.</p><br>
<p>The Salado College Board of Trustees leased the site to Dr. S. J. Jones who established a private high school. He operated it as Thomas Arnold High School from 1890 until 1913 when he retired. The school closed in 1918 and became a free public school until 1924.</p><br>
<p>A fire destroyed the main building in 1901 and again in 1902. The building was rebuilt each time. A fire in 1924 destroyed the building again. This time the citizens could not afford to rebuild. Oral history recounts the nature of these fires as "suspicious," but the basis for the claim of arson is lost in local legend.</p><br>
<p>The site was subjected to an archaeological survey. The ruins of the building were stabilized, and the site is now open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>James Edward Ferguson, 26th Governor of Texas, expelled from Salado for disobedience</p><br>
<p>Miriam Amanda Ferguson, 29th and 32nd Governor of Texas</p><br>
<p>Saints Peter and Paul Jesuit Church is a Roman Catholic church located at 629 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It is the oldest existing church in the city of Detroit, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1844, Bishop Peter Paul Lefevere, who served as coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Detroit, began construction on Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral; the cornerstone is dated June 29, 1844. Francis Letourneau drew the plans and Peter Kindenkens supervised the construction. The church was consecrated on June 29, 1848 as the cathedral church of the diocese. The original parishioners were predominantly Irish, with some French families attending.</p><br>
<p>Following Lefeveres death, under Caspar Borgess, the second Bishop of Detroit, the church remained the cathedral until 1877, when he gave the title to the building to the Jesuit Order with the intention of starting Detroits first Catholic college. The church then became SS. Peter & Paul Jesuit Church. The Jesuit college eventually became the University of Detroit-Mercy, and UDM&#39;s law school still occupies the building adjacent to the church.</p><br>
<p>The church was altered in 1879 and 1882, completely renovated in 1892, and remodeled again in 1911. A chapel was added to the rear of the building in 1918. Although these alterations changed the look of the church, the original plan has been substantially preserved. The church is still in use, offering Sunday and some weekday masses.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Saints Peter and Paul Church is a three-aisled church, built of Detroit common brick. The front façade is gabled and topped by a short square belfry.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the church features hand-carved oak confessionals, a barrel vaulted ceiling painted with murals of the apostles, These details were added during later renovations; the organ case is the only surviving original element.</p><br>
<p>The Commodore Joshua Barney House is a historic home located at Savage, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It was originally situated on a 700-acre tract in modern Savage Maryland named Harrys Lot, at a time when the closest town was Elk Ridge. Both "Haarys Lot" and "Huntington Quarter" were inherited by Charles Greenberry Ridgely, sixth son of Colonel Henry Ridgley and Elizabeth Warfield Ridgley. After the death of Charles Greenberry Ridgely, Thomas Coale purchased portions of the land containing the structure. His daughter would become the famous Commodore Joshua Barney&#39;s second wife, bringing the figure from business in Baltimore. In 1809, Nathaniel F. Williams  married Caroline Barney, daughter of Joshua Barney, who in turn expanded an existing mill site on the property to create the Savage Mill.</p><br>
<p>It has three sections: the original -story brick house built by Charles Greenberry Ridgley Sr. about 1760, a 2-story frame addition built in 1941, and a one-story frame addition to the west, built in 1946. The interior of the house was altered during the 1940s when it was used as a boys&#39; school, and about 1960 when it was converted into apartments. Its significance is tied to Commodore Joshua Barney, who was a hero of the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, and who lived in the house until leaving the industrial operations to family just prior to his death in 1818 from wartime wounds en route to another property owned in Kentucky. Barney rose to prominence for action during the war while living in this house including involvement in commissioning "The Star-Spangled Banner". The house is situated near the Ridgley family cemetery. It was operated as a bed and breakfast inn starting in 2000, until being placed on the market for $1.2 million in 2012. The house never sold, and had been vacant and neglected until 2017. The house is currently an occupied private residence. The seven remaining undeveloped acres surrounding the structure place it at risk of incompatible development and has been placed on the 2014 and 2015 top 10 most endangered properties list by Preservation Howard County.</p><br>
<p>The Commodore Joshua Barney House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Brick House on the Pike, Elerslie, Three Brothers is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is a large two-story, side-passage, double-pile plan house constructed in two phases, a brick structure built by Caleb Dorsey replacing a wooden structure when he bought the property at the end of the 18th century, and the larger more formal section built by his son Charles Worthington Dorsey about 1817. Also on the property and contemporary with the main house are an ice house foundation, a stone stable or carriage house and three board-and-batten outbuildings dating from the late 19th or early 20th century. The early Federal features of the house were left essentially untouched in the alterations that took place about 1907, and have remained intact. Edward Hammond undertook this modernization after being given the house as a wedding present by the father of his wife, Reubena Rogers. Electricity, central heat, and a capacious front porch were added, and the roof of the older section of the house was raised, creating a full second floor with dormer windows. Public water, sewer, gas, and modernization of utilities were accomplished between 1995 and 2009 by Dr Edward Rogers, a direct descendant of Caleb Dorsey. The previous owners, the Lassotovitch, Hammond, Ligon, and Dorsey families are all related. Governor Thomas Watkins Ligon  of Maryland lived in the house, having married a Dorsey, before they moved to White Hall, nearby.</p><br>
<p>The Brick House on the Pike was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Burleigh, also known as Burleigh Manor or Hammonds Inheritance, is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Maryland, United States, built on a 2,300 acre estate. Which included "Hammonds Inheritance" patented in 1796.</p><br>
<p>It is a Federal-style brick dwelling built between 1797 and 1810, laid in Flemish bond. Based on the 1798 Tax assessment of the Elkridge Hundred, the original manor house started as a one-story frame building 24 by 18 foot in size. Also on the landscaped grounds are a 1720 stone smokehouse; a much-altered log, stone, and frame "gatehouse" or "cottage," built in 1820 as a workhouse for slaves and another log outbuilding, as well as an early-20th century bathhouse, 1941 swimming pool, and tennis court. Portions of the estate once included the old Annapolis Road which served the property until the construction of Centennial Lane to connect Clarksville to Ellicott City in 1876.</p><br>
<h2>Hammond family home</h2><br>
<p>The manor was built by Colonel Rezin Hammond, using the same craftsmen as his brother Mathias Hammond&#39;s Hammond–Harwood House in Annapolis. Rezin and his brother Matthias were active in the colonial revolution with notable participation in the burning of the Peggy Stewart (ship).</p><br>
<p>Burleighs owner Rezin Hammond died in 1809. Hammond bequeathed the manor and 4,500 acre to his grandnephew Denton Hammond and his wife Sara Hall Baldwin who lived there until her death in 1832. All slave labor were offered manumission upon Rezin Hammonds death in 1809, with extra provisions for tools, land and livestock for thirty two slaves. Hammonds heirs did not fully honor his wills provision for manumission, and it would take some of his slaves many years before they could successfully argue for their freedom.</p><br>
<p>The estate was later passed to Denton Hammond&#39;s brother, Civil War veteran Colonel Mathias Hammond until his death where he was buried alongside other family members on the estate. His wife Mary Hanson Hammond and her daughter Mrs. Grace (Richard Craigh) Hammond maintained ownership afterward. In 1914, the estate had land totaling over 1,000 acre including the outbuildings and slave quarters. Grace Hammond died in 1928 and Burleigh Manor was sold after 125 years in the Hammond family.</p><br>
<h2>Post Hammond ownership</h2><br>
<p>In 1935, the Estate was subdivided to 600 acre and purchased by Charles McAlpin Pyle, grandson of industrialist David Hunter McAlpin. The manor house was renovated with the great kitchen replaced by a "Stirrup Room" where meetings of the Howard County Hunt Club took place. The house was sold in 1941 to Mrs. Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr. for the use of Prince Alexandre Hohenlohoe of Poland and his wife, Peggy Schulze during World War II. St. Timothy&#39;s School bought the property after the war in 1946, but abandoned plans and sold to George Dudley Iverson IV and his wife Juliet Proctor Goldsborough Iverson in 1950. Iverson embarked on an extensive restoration effort to return the house back to its colonial appearance. The brick was once painted yellow, but by 1956, had almost returned to exposed red brick. As of 2013, it has operated as a livestock shelter.</p><br>
<p>In November 1976 the county executive, Edward L. Cochran, commissioned a $35,000 survey by Resource Management Associates Inc. to analyze 600 acre of the manor property for a landfill site at a set contract price of $2,250,000, but a task force recommendation led to a site selection in Marriottsville. In 1979, a historical survey was conducted, listing the owner as Maple Lawn developer Stewart J Greenbaum. In 1982 Burleigh was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1987, the wife of former County Executive Cochran listed Burleigh Manor and 15 surrounding acres for sale for $750,000.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the home was purchased by the family of Lisa Davis and. Today, the family manages a small animal sanctuary and "eco-retreat" at the site.</p><br>
<h3>Middle school</h3><br>
<p>In 1992, the Burleigh Manor Middle School was opened on the former grounds of Burleigh Manor in Ellicott City, with the school&#39;s name honoring the estate.</p><br>
<p>Cherry Grove, located on property formerly called Fredericksburg, 400 acres patented by Orlando Griffith&#39;s oldest son Henry Griffith in 1750. Cherry Grove is a historic home and former plantation located at Woodbine, Howard County, Maryland, United States. The home is considered the seat of the Warfield family of Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The multi-part house was built by Captain Benjamin Warfield starting after 1766 after acquiring a 550-acre land grant from Henry Griffith named "Fredericksburg". The complex includes a ca. 1798 log ground barn, an 1860-1890 frame wagon shed with corn crib, an early-20th century frame water tower, frame ground barn with cantilevered forebay, frame shed, frame dairy barn, concrete silo, concrete block dairy, and several frame shelter sheds. The buildings are located on a generally flat site surrounded by gently rolling terrain and are set well back from the road along a gravel drive that winds through the center of the farm. The J.P Tarenz log house was a log slave quarters built around 1768 that was moved offsite after the Civil War to accommodate people freed from slavery. The remains of Maryland&#39;s 45th Governor Edwin Warfield (1848–1920), are buried onsite in the family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The property was owned by Arthur G. Nichols Jr. and wife in 1976 and was subdivided down to 338 acres.</p><br>
<p>Cherry Grove was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Curtis—Shipley Farmstead is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is located on the first land grant in modern Howard County, then Anne Arundel County, to the English settler Adam Shipley in 1688 who settled properties in Maryland as early as 1675. The 500-acre estate was called "Adam the First".</p><br>
<p>In 1874, the property was sold with buildings to Peter A. Harmon. A two-story Gothic Revival frame house built with an addition built by John and Lousia Curtis in 1891. Southeast of the main house is a gable-front frame garage, a one-story shed-roofed chicken house, a hog barn, a frame board-and-batten granary, and a board-and-batten bank barn with an unusually deep forebay. The property also contains Shipley and Brown family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>William Smallwood in acquired the property and in 1883 the property was acquired by James A. Curtis, who willed it to his son Robert Curtis who in turn willed it his sons Robert Jr. and Glenn.</p><br>
<p>In 1958 the existing porch was remodeled and converted into a full kitchen and indoor plumbing was added at that time. In 1992, the property boundaries were redefined by the Maryland State Highway Administration to accommodate the Route 100 construction through the historic farm.</p><br>
<p>In 2002 56-acres was sold and subdivided to Buzzuto Homes for a development "Shipley&#39;s Grant" which surrounds the historic home now.</p><br>
<p>The Curtis-Shipley Farmstead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
